How to Build a Paver Patio

A paver patio is a durable and beautiful addition to any home. Follow these fundamental steps for a successful DIY installation that will last for years.

The Foundation is Everything

The most common cause of paver patio failure is an inadequate base. **Do not skip or skimp on excavating and compacting the gravel base.** A solid, well-compacted base is the only thing that prevents pavers from sinking and shifting over time.

Phase 1: Planning & Excavation

Check Local Codes & Call 811:

Before any work, call 811 to have underground utility lines marked. Check with your local building department for permit requirements, especially for larger patios.

Outline the Patio Area:

Use stakes and string, or marking paint, to lay out the exact shape and dimensions of your patio.

Excavate the Area:

Dig out the entire patio area to the required depth. This is typically 6-8 inches: 4-6 inches for the gravel base, 1 inch for the sand bedding, plus the height of the paver itself.

Tamp the Soil:

Once excavated, use a hand tamper or plate compactor to create a solid, level soil subgrade. The entire patio's stability depends on this solid foundation.

Phase 2: Base & Bedding Layer

Install Landscape Fabric (Optional):

Lay down professional-grade landscape fabric over the compacted soil to prevent the gravel base from mixing with the soil and to suppress weeds.

Add and Compact Gravel Base:

Add crushed stone (paver base) in 2-inch layers. After adding each layer, water it lightly and compact it thoroughly with a plate compactor. Repeat until you reach the desired base height (4-6 inches).

Install Edge Restraints:

Secure plastic or metal paver edging around the entire perimeter of the compacted base, fastening it with long spikes. This is critical to prevent pavers from shifting.

Screed the Sand Bedding:

Lay down two 1-inch O.D. pipes across the base. Pour about 1 inch of coarse sand between them and drag a straight 2x4 across the pipes to create a perfectly smooth, level bed for the pavers. Remove the pipes and fill the gaps.

Phase 3: Laying Pavers & Finishing

Lay the Pavers:

Start in a corner (usually a 90-degree corner against the house). Place pavers directly onto the sand bed, being careful not to disturb it. Work your way outwards, placing pavers hand-tight against each other.

Make Cuts:

Use a masonry saw (rented) or a hammer and chisel to cut pavers as needed to fit curves and edges.

Compact the Pavers:

Once all pavers are laid, run a plate compactor over the entire surface to embed them into the sand and create a level, interlocking surface.

Add Jointing Sand:

Sweep polymeric sand over the dry paver surface, working it into all the joints until they are completely filled.

Activate the Sand:

Use a leaf blower to remove excess sand from the paver surfaces. Then, gently mist the patio with a hose to activate the polymers in the sand, which will harden and lock the pavers in place. Follow the sand manufacturer's specific instructions.