Down Payment Calculator

A down payment calculator is a financial planning tool that determines how much money you need to save to purchase a home, and illustrates how different down payment amounts affect your monthly mortgage, interest rate, and Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI).

How to use this calculator

Estimate your monthly mortgage payment (PITI: Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance). For the most accurate result, include optional expenses like property taxes, home insurance, and private mortgage insurance (PMI).

Optional Expenses

Introduction to Down Payment Calculator

Saving for a down payment is often the biggest hurdle for first-time homebuyers. While the "20% down" rule is a common benchmark, modern mortgage programs allow for much lower entries—sometimes as low as 3% or even 0% for veterans. However, a lower down payment comes with trade-offs, including higher monthly payments and the added cost of PMI. Our professional down payment calculator is designed to show you the full picture. By experimenting with different savings goals, you can see exactly how every extra dollar you put down reduces your long-term interest costs and increases your home equity from day one. Last updated January 2025.

How to Use the Down Payment Calculator

  1. Step 1: Enter Target Home Price: Input the estimated purchase price of the home you want to buy.
  2. Step 2: Enter Down Payment Amount: Input either a dollar amount or a percentage of the purchase price (e.g., 3.5%, 5%, 10%, 20%).
  3. Step 3: Select Loan Term: Choose your loan length (usually 15 or 30 years) to see the impact on monthly payments.
  4. Step 4: Estimate Your Interest Rate: Use current market rates or get a quote from a lender to see how your down payment affects the rate you qualify for.
  5. Step 5: Review the Monthly Comparison: Compare your estimated monthly payment (including PMI, taxes, and insurance) across different down payment scenarios.

Understanding Down Payment

The "Sweet Spot" of a down payment is often 20%, as this is the threshold where most lenders stop requiring Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI). PMI is a monthly fee that protects the lender—not you—if you default on the loan. It typically costs between 0.5% and 1.5% of the loan amount annually. By reaching the 20% mark, you can save hundreds of dollars every month that would otherwise go toward insurance premiums. Our calculator clearly shows the "PMI Cut-off" so you can decide if saving a bit longer is worth the monthly savings. However, in a rising market, waiting to save 20% might mean the home price increases more than you can save. This is why we provide the Monthly Payment Comparison; sometimes, buying now with 5% down and paying PMI is a better wealth-building strategy than waiting years to save 20%.

Don't forget about Closing Costs. A common mistake for homebuyers is to spend their entire savings on the down payment, only to realize they need an additional 2% to 5% of the home price for taxes, lender fees, title insurance, and appraisals. Our tool provides a summary of your "Total Cash to Close" so you aren't caught off guard. Additionally, consider the Opportunity Cost of your down payment. If you have a 3% mortgage rate but can earn 7% in the stock market, you might actually be better off making a smaller down payment and investing the difference. Our calculator gives you the data to have this conversation with your financial advisor, ensuring your home purchase fits into your broader financial plan.

Formula & Calculation Method

The required down payment is the purchase price multiplied by the desired percentage.

Down Payment = Purchase Price * (Percentage / 100)

Example Calculation:

A $400,000 home with a 5% down payment: $400,000 * 0.05 = $20,000.

Tips for Accurate Results

  • 1Look into "Down Payment Assistance" (DPA) programs in your state; many offer grants or forgivable loans for first-time buyers.
  • 2If you are a veteran, a VA loan allows for 0% down with no monthly PMI.
  • 3Automate your savings; setting up a direct deposit into a dedicated "House Fund" is the fastest way to reach your goal.
  • 4A larger down payment often qualifies you for a lower interest rate, which can save you tens of thousands over 30 years.
  • 5Keep at least 3-6 months of "Emergency Fund" savings separate from your down payment.

Key Facts About Down Payment

  • A 20% down payment is the threshold to avoid monthly PMI costs.
  • FHA loans allow for a down payment as low as 3.5% for qualified buyers.
  • Closing costs typically range from 2% to 5% of the home's purchase price.
  • VA loans offer a 0% down payment option for eligible veterans.
  • A larger down payment usually unlocks a lower mortgage interest rate.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I really need 20% down?

No. Many conventional loans allow for 3% down, and FHA loans require only 3.5%. However, any amount under 20% usually requires PMI.

What is PMI and how much does it cost?

Private Mortgage Insurance typically costs between $30 and $70 per month for every $100,000 borrowed.

Can I use a gift for my down payment?

Yes, most loan programs allow "gift funds" from family members, but they require a signed "gift letter" stating the money does not have to be repaid.

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